ILS — Instrument Landing System
The instrument landing system (ILS) is a ground-based system that guides aircraft to safe landings during periods of low visibility or poor weather. It guides the pilot down an imaginary ramp at a shallow 3-degree angle that leads to the touchdown zone of the runway surface.
ILS works by broadcasting a narrow beam of encoded radio energy that's picked up by a special radio receiver in the aircraft. A cockpit display then shows the pilot his position and displacement relative to the guidance beam (left, right, above, below). The pilot follows this beam toward the runway until "breaking out" of the clouds to complete the landing visually. Bright lights help provide visual guidance to touchdown.
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